Urine physical, chemical, and microscopic examination findings, plus cerebrospinal and synovial body fluid analysis basics.
35 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the normal color of urine?
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Pale yellow to amber- What pigment causes normal urine color?
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Urochrome- What does cloudy or turbid urine commonly indicate?
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Presence of cells, crystals, bacteria, or mucus- What is specific gravity used to assess in urine?
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The concentrating ability of the kidneys- What is the normal reference range for urine specific gravity?
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Approximately 1.005 to 1.030- What is the normal pH range of urine?
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Approximately 4.5 to 8.0- What does a positive urine glucose result usually indicate?
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Hyperglycemia, most commonly from diabetes mellitus- What does urine ketone testing detect?
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Byproducts of fat metabolism, seen in diabetic ketoacidosis or starvation- What does a positive urine protein (dipstick) test most commonly detect?
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Albumin- What condition is suggested by persistent proteinuria?
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Kidney disease such as glomerular damage- What does the leukocyte esterase test on a urine dipstick detect?
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The presence of white blood cells, suggesting infection- What does a positive nitrite test on a urine dipstick suggest?
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Presence of nitrate-reducing bacteria, such as E. coli, suggesting urinary tract infection- What does urine bilirubin testing detect and what does a positive result suggest?
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Conjugated bilirubin, suggesting hepatobiliary disease- What does urobilinogen testing help evaluate?
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Liver function and hemolysis, since urobilinogen is a bilirubin breakdown product- What does a positive urine blood (heme) test with no red blood cells seen microscopically suggest?
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Hemoglobinuria or myoglobinuria
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