Dilutions, molarity, conversions, Beer-Lambert law, spectrophotometry, ion-selective electrodes, flow cytometry, and automated analyzer principles.
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- What is a dilution factor?
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The ratio of the volume of sample to the total volume of the final solution (e.g., 1:5 means 1 part sample in 5 total parts).- What formula is used to calculate a simple dilution from a stock solution?
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C1V1 = C2V2 (initial concentration x initial volume equals final concentration x final volume)- What is a serial dilution?
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A series of sequential dilutions, each made from the previous dilution, usually by the same constant factor.- To prepare a 1:10 dilution of 0.5 mL of serum, how much diluent must be added?
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4.5 mL- What is molarity?
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The number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution- What is molality?
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The number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent- What is the molecular weight of a compound?
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The sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in its chemical formula, expressed in grams per mole- What is normality?
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The number of gram equivalent weights of solute per liter of solution- How is equivalent weight calculated?
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Equivalent weight = molecular weight divided by valence (the number of replaceable hydrogen ions or charge units)- What is osmolarity?
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The total concentration of osmotically active particles (solutes) per liter of solution- What is specific gravity?
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The ratio of the density of a solution to the density of water at a reference temperature- What does a %w/v (weight per volume) solution describe?
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Grams of solute dissolved per 100 mL of solution- What formula converts a concentration from mg/dL to mmol/L?
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mmol/L = (mg/dL x 10) divided by the molecular weight- What is the Beer-Lambert law equation?
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A = ebc (absorbance equals molar absorptivity times path length times concentration)- According to the Beer-Lambert law, how does absorbance relate to concentration at a constant path length?
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Absorbance is directly proportional to concentration
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