Major endocrine gland locations, the hormones each secretes, and negative feedback homeostasis mechanisms for allied health students.
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- Where is the pituitary gland located?
- In a bony pocket (sella turcica) at the base of the brain, below the hypothalamus.
- What is the common nickname for the pituitary gland?
- The master gland
- Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates bone and tissue growth?
- Growth hormone (GH)
- Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates the thyroid gland?
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex?
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates milk production?
- Prolactin
- Which posterior pituitary hormone promotes water reabsorption by the kidneys?
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin
- Which posterior pituitary hormone stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection?
- Oxytocin
- Where is the thyroid gland located?
- In the neck, wrapped around the front of the trachea, just below the larynx.
- What is the main function of thyroid hormones T3 and T4?
- They regulate the body's metabolic rate.
- Which thyroid hormone lowers blood calcium levels?
- Calcitonin
- Where are the parathyroid glands located?
- On the posterior surface of the thyroid gland, usually as four small glands.
- What is the main function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
- It raises blood calcium levels.
- Where are the adrenal glands located?
- On top of each kidney.
- Which adrenal cortex hormone helps the body respond to long-term stress?
- Cortisol