ICU management scenarios including shock, mechanical ventilation, and sepsis bundles tested on USMLE Step 2 CK.
35 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What are the four main categories of shock?
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Cardiogenic, hypovolemic, distributive, and obstructive shock- What is the hemodynamic profile of cardiogenic shock?
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Low cardiac output, high systemic vascular resistance, high pulmonary capillary wedge pressure- What is the hemodynamic profile of hypovolemic shock?
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Low cardiac output, high systemic vascular resistance, low pulmonary capillary wedge pressure- What is the hemodynamic profile of distributive (e.g. septic) shock?
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Normal or high cardiac output, low systemic vascular resistance, low pulmonary capillary wedge pressure- What is the hemodynamic profile of obstructive shock?
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Low cardiac output with high systemic vascular resistance, caused by a mechanical block to cardiac filling or outflow- Name three classic causes of obstructive shock.
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Cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, and massive pulmonary embolism- How is sepsis defined under the Sepsis-3 criteria?
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Life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, marked by an acute SOFA score increase of 2 or more points- How is septic shock defined under the Sepsis-3 criteria?
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Sepsis with persistent hypotension requiring vasopressors to maintain adequate mean arterial pressure, plus a serum lactate above 2 mmol/L despite adequate fluid resuscitation- The first-line vasopressor for septic shock is ____.
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norepinephrine- Which vasopressor is typically added when septic shock is refractory to norepinephrine alone?
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Vasopressin- Which inotrope is preferred for cardiogenic shock in a patient with an adequate blood pressure?
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Dobutamine- How much crystalloid fluid is recommended in the first 3 hours of sepsis resuscitation?
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30 mL/kg- In the sepsis bundle, when should blood cultures be obtained relative to antibiotics?
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Before antibiotics are given- Within how many hours of sepsis recognition should broad-spectrum antibiotics be started?
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Within 1 hour- What sepsis bundle step should be repeated if the initial serum lactate is elevated?
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Remeasuring the lactate to assess response to resuscitation
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