Primary care men's health topics including prostate screening and hypogonadism, as tested on USMLE Step 2 CK.
35 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the most common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in older men?
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
- What is the first-line medication class for symptomatic relief of BPH?
- Alpha-1 blockers (e.g., tamsulosin)
- What is the mechanism of action of 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors in BPH?
- They block conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), shrinking the prostate
- How does finasteride affect PSA levels?
- It lowers PSA by about 50 percent
- What is the surgical gold standard for BPH refractory to medical therapy?
- Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
- What is a common side effect of alpha-1 blockers used for BPH?
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Acute urinary retention is a recognized complication of ____.
- benign prostatic hyperplasia
- What does the USPSTF recommend for PSA screening in men aged 55 to 69?
- An individualized decision after shared decision-making with a clinician
- What does the USPSTF recommend for PSA screening in men 70 and older?
- Recommends against routine screening
- What PSA level has historically been used as a cutoff to prompt further prostate cancer workup?
- 4.0 ng/mL
- What digital rectal exam finding is suggestive of prostate cancer?
- A firm, irregular nodule or area of induration
- What is the definitive method to diagnose prostate cancer?
- Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy
- What does the Gleason score grade?
- The architectural pattern, or differentiation, of prostate cancer cells seen on biopsy
- How is the Gleason score calculated?
- By summing the grades of the two most prevalent tumor patterns on biopsy
- How does a lower free PSA percentage affect prostate cancer risk?
- A lower free PSA percentage is associated with a higher likelihood of prostate cancer