Primary care men's health topics including prostate screening and hypogonadism, as tested on USMLE Step 2 CK.
35 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the most common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in older men?
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)- What is the first-line medication class for symptomatic relief of BPH?
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Alpha-1 blockers (e.g., tamsulosin)- What is the mechanism of action of 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors in BPH?
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They block conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), shrinking the prostate- How does finasteride affect PSA levels?
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It lowers PSA by about 50 percent- What is the surgical gold standard for BPH refractory to medical therapy?
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Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)- What is a common side effect of alpha-1 blockers used for BPH?
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Orthostatic hypotension- Acute urinary retention is a recognized complication of ____.
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benign prostatic hyperplasia- What does the USPSTF recommend for PSA screening in men aged 55 to 69?
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An individualized decision after shared decision-making with a clinician- What does the USPSTF recommend for PSA screening in men 70 and older?
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Recommends against routine screening- What PSA level has historically been used as a cutoff to prompt further prostate cancer workup?
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4.0 ng/mL- What digital rectal exam finding is suggestive of prostate cancer?
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A firm, irregular nodule or area of induration- What is the definitive method to diagnose prostate cancer?
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Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy- What does the Gleason score grade?
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The architectural pattern, or differentiation, of prostate cancer cells seen on biopsy- How is the Gleason score calculated?
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By summing the grades of the two most prevalent tumor patterns on biopsy- How does a lower free PSA percentage affect prostate cancer risk?
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A lower free PSA percentage is associated with a higher likelihood of prostate cancer
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