Clinical nutrition, obesity evaluation, and weight management as tested on USMLE Step 2 CK.
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- What is the formula for calculating BMI?
- Weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m^2)
- What BMI range defines underweight?
- Less than 18.5 kg/m^2
- What BMI range is considered normal weight?
- 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m^2
- What BMI range defines overweight?
- 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m^2
- What BMI range defines obesity class I?
- 30.0 to 34.9 kg/m^2
- What BMI range defines obesity class II?
- 35.0 to 39.9 kg/m^2
- What BMI defines obesity class III (severe obesity)?
- 40 kg/m^2 or greater
- What waist circumference in men indicates increased cardiometabolic risk?
- Greater than 40 inches (102 cm)
- What waist circumference in women indicates increased cardiometabolic risk?
- Greater than 35 inches (88 cm)
- What is the first-line treatment for obesity?
- Lifestyle modification: dietary changes, increased physical activity, and behavioral therapy
- At what BMI is pharmacotherapy for obesity generally indicated?
- BMI 30 or greater, or BMI 27 or greater with a weight-related comorbidity
- At what BMI is bariatric surgery generally indicated?
- BMI 40 or greater, or BMI 35 or greater with a weight-related comorbidity
- What is the mechanism of action of orlistat?
- Inhibits pancreatic and gastric lipase, reducing intestinal fat absorption
- What is a major side effect of orlistat and its nutritional consequence?
- Steatorrhea, which can lead to fat-soluble vitamin (A, D, E, K) deficiency
- How do GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., semaglutide) promote weight loss?
- They delay gastric emptying and increase satiety