CBT, DBT, psychodynamic, and supportive psychotherapy indications and core techniques tested on USMLE Step 1.
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- Who founded cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)?
- Aaron Beck
- What is the core premise of CBT?
- Thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are interconnected, so changing distorted thoughts changes feelings and behaviors
- What is a cognitive distortion?
- An irrational, biased pattern of thinking that reinforces negative emotions
- What CBT technique involves identifying and challenging irrational thoughts?
- Cognitive restructuring
- What are 'automatic thoughts' in CBT?
- Spontaneous, often negative thoughts that arise reflexively in response to a situation
- What is Beck's cognitive triad in depression?
- A negative view of oneself, the world, and the future
- What CBT technique treats depression by increasing engagement in rewarding activities?
- Behavioral activation
- What technique treats phobias by pairing relaxation training with graded exposure to feared stimuli?
- Systematic desensitization
- What technique is first-line for OCD, exposing patients to triggers while blocking the compulsive response?
- Exposure and response prevention (ERP)
- What CBT-based technique is used to treat phobias, PTSD, OCD, and panic disorder by confronting feared stimuli?
- Exposure therapy
- Is CBT typically time-limited and structured, or open-ended?
- Time-limited and structured
- What CBT homework tool has patients record thoughts, emotions, and behaviors between sessions?
- A self-monitoring log or thought record
- What conditions is CBT considered first-line psychotherapy for?
- Depression and anxiety disorders
- Who founded dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)?
- Marsha Linehan
- What is DBT's primary indication?
- Borderline personality disorder, especially with chronic suicidality or self-harm