High-yield cardiac pathology, murmurs, ECG findings, and drugs, one fact per card.
45 cards · mixed cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What type of murmur does aortic stenosis produce?
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Systolic ejection murmur, crescendo-decrescendo- Mitral regurgitation produces a ____ murmur best heard at the apex.
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holosystolic- What is the characteristic murmur of mitral stenosis?
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Diastolic rumble, best heard at the apex with the patient in left lateral decubitus- Early aortic regurgitation produces a ____ murmur.
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early diastolic decrescendo- Patent ductus arteriosus produces what type of murmur?
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Continuous machinery murmur throughout systole and diastole- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy murmur ____ with standing (Valsalva) and decreases with squatting.
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increases- What is Austin Flint murmur and what causes it?
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Mid-diastolic murmur caused by the aortic regurgitation jet striking the mitral valve- The late systolic murmur with midsystolic click of ____ is heard best at the apex.
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mitral valve prolapse- Which valve is most commonly affected in rheumatic heart disease?
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Mitral valve- The major criteria of acute rheumatic fever include ____, polyarthritis, chorea, erythema marginatum, and subcutaneous nodules.
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carditis- Where are endocarditis vegetations typically located on valve leaflets?
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On the closure surface (atrial side) of AV valves or ventricular side of semilunar valves- Mitral valve prolapse is caused by ____ of the valve leaflet.
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myxomatous degeneration- What is the most common cause of acute aortic regurgitation?
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Infective endocarditis (aortic dissection, Type A, is another important cause)- Mechanical prosthetic valves require ____, while bioprosthetic valves do not.
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lifelong anticoagulation- Bioprosthetic valves ____, typically lasting 10-15 years.
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degenerate over time
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