Phonological process types and typical age of elimination tested on the Praxis Speech-Language Pathology exam.
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- What is a phonological process?
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A sound pattern young children use to simplify adult speech during typical development.- Name the three main categories of phonological processes.
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Syllable structure processes, substitution processes, and assimilation processes.- What do syllable structure processes change about a word?
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The structure of the syllable, such as deleting or adding sounds or syllables.- What do substitution processes do?
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Replace one class of sounds with a different class of sounds.- What do assimilation processes do?
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Cause one sound in a word to become more like another sound in the same word.- Define the phonological process final consonant deletion.
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Omitting the last consonant of a word.- Give an example of final consonant deletion.
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"Dog" pronounced as "do."- By what age is final consonant deletion typically eliminated?
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Around 3 years old.- Define the phonological process cluster reduction.
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Simplifying a consonant cluster by omitting one or more of its consonants.- Give an example of cluster reduction.
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"Stop" pronounced as "top."- By what age is cluster reduction typically eliminated?
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Around 4 years old.- Define the phonological process weak syllable deletion.
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Omitting an unstressed syllable from a word.- Give an example of weak syllable deletion.
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"Banana" pronounced as "nana."- By what age is weak syllable deletion typically eliminated?
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Around 4 years old.- Define the phonological process reduplication.
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Repeating a syllable of a word, often producing the whole word as a repeated syllable.
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