Phonological process types and typical age of elimination tested on the Praxis Speech-Language Pathology exam.
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- What is a phonological process?
- A sound pattern young children use to simplify adult speech during typical development.
- Name the three main categories of phonological processes.
- Syllable structure processes, substitution processes, and assimilation processes.
- What do syllable structure processes change about a word?
- The structure of the syllable, such as deleting or adding sounds or syllables.
- What do substitution processes do?
- Replace one class of sounds with a different class of sounds.
- What do assimilation processes do?
- Cause one sound in a word to become more like another sound in the same word.
- Define the phonological process final consonant deletion.
- Omitting the last consonant of a word.
- Give an example of final consonant deletion.
- "Dog" pronounced as "do."
- By what age is final consonant deletion typically eliminated?
- Around 3 years old.
- Define the phonological process cluster reduction.
- Simplifying a consonant cluster by omitting one or more of its consonants.
- Give an example of cluster reduction.
- "Stop" pronounced as "top."
- By what age is cluster reduction typically eliminated?
- Around 4 years old.
- Define the phonological process weak syllable deletion.
- Omitting an unstressed syllable from a word.
- Give an example of weak syllable deletion.
- "Banana" pronounced as "nana."
- By what age is weak syllable deletion typically eliminated?
- Around 4 years old.
- Define the phonological process reduplication.
- Repeating a syllable of a word, often producing the whole word as a repeated syllable.