Swallowing phases and dysphagia assessment and management concepts tested on the Praxis Speech-Language Pathology exam.
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- What are the four phases of the normal swallow, in order?
- Oral preparatory, oral, pharyngeal, esophageal.
- What happens during the oral preparatory phase of swallowing?
- The bolus is chewed and formed into a cohesive mass.
- Is the oral preparatory phase of swallowing voluntary or involuntary?
- Voluntary.
- What happens during the oral phase of swallowing?
- The tongue propels the bolus posteriorly toward the pharynx.
- Is the oral phase of swallowing voluntary or involuntary?
- Voluntary.
- What triggers the pharyngeal swallow reflex?
- The bolus stimulating sensory receptors around the faucial arches and base of tongue.
- Is the pharyngeal phase of swallowing voluntary or involuntary?
- Involuntary (reflexive).
- What happens during the esophageal phase of swallowing?
- Peristaltic waves carry the bolus through the esophagus into the stomach.
- About how long does the esophageal phase of swallowing normally take?
- About 8 to 20 seconds.
- Which cranial nerve primarily controls tongue movement during swallowing?
- Cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal).
- Which cranial nerve mediates pharyngeal sensation and the gag reflex?
- Cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal).
- Which cranial nerve controls laryngeal closure and pharyngeal/esophageal peristalsis?
- Cranial nerve X (vagus).
- Which cranial nerve controls lip closure and cheek (buccal) tension for swallowing?
- Cranial nerve VII (facial).
- Which cranial nerve controls jaw movement for mastication?
- Cranial nerve V (trigeminal).
- What laryngeal structure folds down over the airway entrance during the pharyngeal swallow?
- The epiglottis.