Antibiotic selection, dosing, and monitoring for common infections as tested on the NAPLEX.
41 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the current preferred vancomycin monitoring target for serious MRSA infections (replacing trough-only monitoring)?
- AUC24/MIC ratio of at least 400
- What causes the vancomycin infusion reaction (flushing, pruritus, sometimes hypotension) formerly called red man syndrome?
- Histamine release triggered by rapid IV infusion
- Vancomycin's major dose-limiting toxicity affecting the kidneys is ____.
- nephrotoxicity
- Name the two major toxicities associated with aminoglycosides such as gentamicin and tobramycin.
- Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
- What aminoglycoside dosing strategy is preferred to reduce toxicity while exploiting their concentration-dependent killing?
- Extended-interval (once-daily) dosing
- Which antibiotic class carries a black box warning for tendinitis and tendon rupture?
- Fluoroquinolones
- Besides tendon rupture, name another black box warning associated with fluoroquinolones.
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Fluoroquinolone doses should be separated in time from products containing which types of cations to avoid reduced absorption?
- Divalent and trivalent cations (calcium, magnesium, aluminum, iron, zinc)
- Ciprofloxacin inhibits which cytochrome P450 enzyme, raising theophylline levels?
- CYP1A2
- Why are fluoroquinolones generally avoided in children?
- Risk of cartilage damage (arthropathy)
- The cross-reactivity concern between penicillins and cephalosporins is based mainly on similarity of what structural feature?
- The R1 side chain, not the beta-lactam ring itself
- Which penicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination provides coverage against Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
- Piperacillin-tazobactam
- Which monobactam antibiotic is generally considered safe in patients with a penicillin allergy?
- Aztreonam
- Aztreonam shares cross-reactivity risk with which cephalosporin because of a similar side chain?
- Ceftazidime
- Which carbapenem carries the highest risk of lowering the seizure threshold?
- Imipenem-cilastatin