Disease state drug therapy decisions and monitoring parameters tested on the NAPLEX.
50 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the preferred first-line antihypertensive class for Black patients without heart failure or CKD?
- Thiazide diuretic or calcium channel blocker
- What two lab values should be monitored after starting an ACE inhibitor?
- Serum potassium and serum creatinine
- ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in which patient population?
- Pregnant patients
- ACE inhibitors cause a dry, persistent cough due to increased levels of ____.
- bradykinin
- What class of antihypertensive is typically substituted when a patient develops an ACE inhibitor cough?
- Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)
- Which four drug classes make up the core GDMT for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
- ACE inhibitor/ARB/ARNI, beta-blocker, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, and SGLT2 inhibitor
- Which three beta-blockers have proven mortality benefit in HFrEF?
- Carvedilol, metoprolol succinate, and bisoprolol
- What is the key monitoring concern when starting spironolactone in a heart failure patient?
- Hyperkalemia (monitor serum potassium and renal function)
- What is BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) used for clinically?
- Diagnosing and assessing the severity of heart failure
- What is the first-line oral medication for type 2 diabetes?
- Metformin
- At what eGFR level is metformin generally contraindicated due to lactic acidosis risk?
- Below 30 mL/min/1.73m2
- What rare but serious adverse effect can occur with SGLT2 inhibitors even when blood glucose is near normal?
- Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis
- Besides lowering blood glucose, what two additional benefits do GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., semaglutide) provide?
- Weight loss and cardiovascular risk reduction
- What is the most important safety symptom to monitor for in a patient on insulin?
- Hypoglycemia
- What lab test is used to monitor warfarin therapy?
- INR (international normalized ratio)