Therapeutic modality types, indications, and contraindications, including cryotherapy, thermotherapy, and electrical stimulation.
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- What is the primary physiological effect of cryotherapy on tissue?
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Vasoconstriction, decreased blood flow, and reduced local tissue metabolism- What are the components of the traditional PRICE acronym for acute injury management?
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Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation- What is a common contraindication to applying cold therapy?
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Cold hypersensitivity or Raynaud's phenomenon- What sensation progression is commonly described during a cold application (CBAN)?
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Cold, burning, aching, numbness- What is the primary physiological effect of superficial heat application?
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Vasodilation and increased local blood flow near the skin surface- What depth of tissue does superficial heat, such as a hot pack, primarily affect?
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Up to about 1 to 2 centimeters (skin and subcutaneous tissue)- What modality is considered a deep heating agent that can raise tissue temperature at greater depths than a hot pack?
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Therapeutic ultrasound- What is a key contraindication for applying heat to a body part?
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Acute inflammation or swelling in the first 48 to 72 hours after injury- What theory explains how sensory stimulation such as TENS can reduce the perception of pain?
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The gate control theory of pain- What does the acronym TENS stand for?
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Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation- What is the primary clinical purpose of TENS?
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Pain modulation- What does the acronym NMES stand for?
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Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation- What is the primary clinical purpose of NMES?
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To elicit a muscle contraction for strengthening or to reduce muscle atrophy- What electrical modality uses medium-frequency currents that combine at their intersection to reduce skin impedance and treat deeper tissue?
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Interferential current (IFC)- What technique uses an electrical current to drive ionized medication through the skin?
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Iontophoresis
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