Orthopedic special tests by joint, naming the test, the structure it assesses, and a positive finding, one test per card.
35 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What structure does the Neer test assess, and what indicates a positive result?
- Subacromial impingement of the supraspinatus tendon; pain with passive forward flexion of the internally rotated arm
- What structure does the Hawkins-Kennedy test assess, and what indicates a positive result?
- Subacromial impingement; pain with passive internal rotation of the forward-flexed, 90-degree abducted arm
- What structure does the empty can (Jobe) test assess, and what indicates a positive result?
- Supraspinatus muscle integrity; pain or weakness resisting downward pressure with the arm abducted and internally rotated
- What structure does Speed's test assess, and what indicates a positive result?
- Long head of the biceps tendon or superior labrum; pain in the bicipital groove with resisted shoulder flexion, elbow extended
- What structure does the shoulder apprehension test assess, and what indicates a positive result?
- Anterior shoulder instability; the patient shows apprehension or guarding with the arm in abduction and external rotation
- What structure does the sulcus sign assess, and what indicates a positive result?
- Inferior glenohumeral instability; a visible sulcus (gap) below the acromion when the arm is pulled downward
- What structure does the drop arm test assess, and what indicates a positive result?
- A large rotator cuff tear; the patient is unable to slowly lower the arm from full abduction without it dropping
- What structure does Yergason's test assess, and what indicates a positive result?
- Biceps tendon stability in the bicipital groove; pain or a popping sensation with resisted forearm supination and elbow flexion
- What structure does a valgus stress test at the elbow assess, and what indicates a positive result?
- The ulnar collateral ligament; excessive medial joint gapping or pain with a valgus force at 20 to 30 degrees of flexion
- What structure does a varus stress test at the elbow assess, and what indicates a positive result?
- The radial (lateral) collateral ligament; excessive lateral joint gapping or pain with a varus force
- What structure does Tinel's sign at the elbow assess, and what indicates a positive result?
- The ulnar nerve; tingling or an electric sensation into the forearm and hand when tapping over the cubital tunnel
- What structure does Cozen's test assess, and what indicates a positive result?
- Lateral epicondylitis; pain at the lateral epicondyle with resisted wrist extension and radial deviation
- What structure does Mill's test assess, and what indicates a positive result?
- Lateral epicondylitis; pain at the lateral epicondyle when passively pronating the forearm and flexing the wrist with the elbow extended
- What structure does Finkelstein's test assess, and what indicates a positive result?
- De Quervain's tenosynovitis; pain over the thumb-side wrist tendons when the thumb is tucked into a fist and the wrist is deviated ulnarly
- What structure does Phalen's test assess, and what indicates a positive result?
- Carpal tunnel (median nerve) compression; numbness or tingling in the median nerve distribution after holding the wrists flexed together
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