Concussion signs and symptoms, sideline assessment tools, and graduated return-to-play protocol steps.
30 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is a concussion, in general medical terms?
- A traumatic brain injury induced by biomechanical forces that causes a transient disturbance in neurological function
- Is loss of consciousness required to diagnose a concussion?
- No, most concussions occur without any loss of consciousness
- What are the four general symptom categories used to describe concussion symptoms?
- Somatic (physical), cognitive, emotional, and sleep-related symptoms
- Name two common somatic symptoms of concussion.
- Headache and dizziness (nausea, sensitivity to light or noise, or balance problems are also acceptable)
- Name two common cognitive symptoms of concussion.
- Difficulty concentrating and feeling mentally foggy or slowed down
- What is retrograde amnesia?
- Loss of memory for events that occurred before the injury
- What is anterograde amnesia?
- Difficulty forming new memories for events occurring after the injury
- What is the purpose of baseline neurocognitive testing before a sports season?
- To establish a pre-injury reference point for comparison if a concussion later occurs
- Name a widely used computerized neurocognitive testing program used in concussion management.
- ImPACT (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing)
- What sideline assessment tool combines symptom checklist, cognitive screening, and balance testing for suspected concussion?
- The SCAT (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool)
- What brief set of questions assesses orientation to sport-specific facts on the sideline, such as the current opponent or score?
- The Maddocks questions
- What test measures postural stability by scoring errors during stances on firm and foam surfaces?
- The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS)
- What rapid visual test measures eye movement speed and can be affected by a concussion?
- The King-Devick test
- What is second impact syndrome?
- A rare, potentially fatal condition where a second head injury occurs before full recovery from a prior concussion, causing rapid brain swelling
- What is the primary reason athletes suspected of a concussion should never be immediately returned to play the same day?
- The risk of catastrophic outcomes such as second impact syndrome and the need to allow the brain time to recover
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