Innate and adaptive immune cells, cytokines, hypersensitivity types, and classic immunodeficiencies.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- Primary function of neutrophils in innate immunity
- Acute inflammatory response, phagocytosis, and killing of pathogens via ROS and granule contents
- Role of macrophages in innate immunity
- Phagocytosis of pathogens, antigen presentation, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines
- Primary function of dendritic cells
- Antigen capture and presentation to T cells, bridge between innate and adaptive immunity
- How do natural killer cells recognize target cells
- Detection of missing MHC class I on target cell surface (signal of infection or malignancy)
- Functions of the complement cascade
- Opsonization (C3b), inflammation (C3a/C5a), and pathogen lysis via membrane attack complex
- Primary role of mast cells in immune response
- Rapid histamine release in immediate hypersensitivity upon IgE cross-linking
- Primary function of CD4+ T helper cells
- Coordinate immune response by secreting cytokines, activate B cells and macrophages
- Mechanism by which CD8+ cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells
- Release perforin and granzymes, inducing apoptosis of target cell
- Function of regulatory T cells (Tregs)
- Suppress immune response via IL-10 and TGF-beta, maintain self-tolerance
- Sequence of B cell differentiation upon antigen encounter
- Activation and proliferation, then into plasma cells (effector) or memory B cells
- How do memory B cells provide long-term immunity
- Persist for years, rapidly differentiate into plasma cells upon re-exposure to antigen
- Cytokines produced by Th1 cells
- IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2 (cell-mediated immunity, intracellular pathogens)
- Cytokines produced by Th2 cells
- IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 (humoral immunity, extracellular parasites)
- Source and primary function of IL-2
- Produced by activated T cells, promotes T cell proliferation and differentiation
- Source and primary effect of TNF-alpha
- Produced by activated macrophages and T cells, induces inflammation and fever