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Immunology · USMLE Step 1

USMLE Immunology: Cytokines and Cell Signaling

Key cytokines, their producing and target cells, and the immune process each one drives, one cytokine per card.

31 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.

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Which cells are the primary source of IL-1?
Activated macrophages (and other antigen-presenting cells).
Which cells primarily secrete IL-2?
Activated CD4+ T cells (Th1 cells).
What is the main function of IL-2?
Stimulates proliferation of T cells and NK cells.
Which cells are the main producers of IL-4?
Th2 cells.
Which cells primarily produce IL-5?
Th2 cells.
Which cells produce IL-6?
Macrophages and Th2 cells.
Which cells are the main source of IL-8?
Macrophages.
What is the main function of IL-8?
Chemoattractant that recruits neutrophils to sites of infection.
Which cells are the main source of IL-10?
Regulatory T cells (and Th2 cells).
Which cells are the main source of IL-12?
Macrophages and dendritic cells.
Which cells primarily produce IL-13?
Th2 cells.
Which cells produce IL-17?
Th17 cells.
What is the main function of IL-17?
Recruits neutrophils by inducing chemokine and G-CSF production.
Which cells are the primary source of TNF-alpha?
Activated macrophages.
Which cells are the main source of IFN-gamma?
Th1 cells and NK cells.

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