Bone classification, major skeletal landmarks, and joint types and movements for allied health students.
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- Long bones
- Longer than wide, with a shaft and two ends (e.g., femur, humerus)
- Short bones
- Roughly cube-shaped bones (e.g., carpals, tarsals)
- Flat bones
- Thin, flattened bones that often protect organs (e.g., sternum, ribs, skull bones)
- Irregular bones
- Bones with complex shapes that fit no other category (e.g., vertebrae, facial bones)
- Sesamoid bones
- Small bones embedded within a tendon (e.g., the patella)
- Diaphysis
- The shaft, or main tubular body, of a long bone
- Epiphysis
- The rounded end of a long bone
- Medullary cavity
- The hollow space inside the diaphysis that holds bone marrow
- Periosteum
- The dense connective tissue membrane covering the outer surface of a bone
- Osteoblasts
- Bone cells that build new bone matrix
- Osteoclasts
- Bone cells that break down and resorb bone tissue
- Osteocytes
- Mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue
- Axial skeleton
- The skull, vertebral column, and rib cage
- Appendicular skeleton
- The bones of the limbs plus the pectoral and pelvic girdles
- Foramen
- An opening in a bone that allows nerves or blood vessels to pass through