Bone classification, major skeletal landmarks, and joint types and movements for allied health students.
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- Long bones
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Longer than wide, with a shaft and two ends (e.g., femur, humerus)- Short bones
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Roughly cube-shaped bones (e.g., carpals, tarsals)- Flat bones
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Thin, flattened bones that often protect organs (e.g., sternum, ribs, skull bones)- Irregular bones
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Bones with complex shapes that fit no other category (e.g., vertebrae, facial bones)- Sesamoid bones
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Small bones embedded within a tendon (e.g., the patella)- Diaphysis
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The shaft, or main tubular body, of a long bone- Epiphysis
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The rounded end of a long bone- Medullary cavity
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The hollow space inside the diaphysis that holds bone marrow- Periosteum
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The dense connective tissue membrane covering the outer surface of a bone- Osteoblasts
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Bone cells that build new bone matrix- Osteoclasts
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Bone cells that break down and resorb bone tissue- Osteocytes
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Mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue- Axial skeleton
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The skull, vertebral column, and rib cage- Appendicular skeleton
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The bones of the limbs plus the pectoral and pelvic girdles- Foramen
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An opening in a bone that allows nerves or blood vessels to pass through
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