Heart failure, myocardial infarction, and dysrhythmia nursing assessment priorities and interventions, distinct from the broad medical-surgical nursing deck.
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- What is the hallmark symptom pattern of left-sided heart failure?
- Pulmonary congestion: dyspnea, crackles, and cough
- What is the hallmark symptom pattern of right-sided heart failure?
- Peripheral edema and jugular venous distension
- Which lab value rises when the heart is stretched by fluid overload in heart failure?
- BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide)
- How much weight gain in 24 hours should a heart failure patient report to their provider?
- 2 to 3 pounds
- What position best eases breathing for a heart failure patient in acute distress?
- High-Fowler's position
- What dietary restriction is standard teaching for heart failure patients?
- Restrict sodium intake
- What electrolyte must be monitored closely in a patient taking furosemide for heart failure?
- Potassium
- What is a common early side effect of ACE inhibitors that patients report?
- A dry, persistent cough
- What are early signs of digoxin toxicity?
- Nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances such as yellow-green halos
- What must a nurse check before administering digoxin?
- Apical pulse for one full minute; hold the dose if below 60 bpm
- Orthopnea is ____.
- shortness of breath that occurs when lying flat
- Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is ____.
- sudden, severe shortness of breath that wakes a patient from sleep
- What is the classic chest pain description for a myocardial infarction?
- Crushing, substernal pressure, often radiating to the left arm or jaw
- Which patient populations most often present with atypical or silent MI symptoms?
- Older adults, women, and people with diabetes
- Within how many minutes should a 12-lead ECG be obtained after a patient reports chest pain?
- 10 minutes