Intracranial pressure, stroke, AKI, dialysis modes, DKA and HHS, and critical care endocrine and GI topics for CCRN.
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- What is the normal range for intracranial pressure (ICP)?
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5 to 15 mmHg- What is the formula for cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)?
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CPP = MAP minus ICP- What is the target CPP range to ensure adequate cerebral perfusion in most critical care guidelines?
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60 to 70 mmHg- Name the three components of Cushing's triad.
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Hypertension with widened pulse pressure, bradycardia, and irregular respirations- What does Cushing's triad indicate?
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Rising intracranial pressure causing brainstem compression, a late and ominous sign- What head-of-bed position is recommended to help lower ICP?
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Elevated 30 degrees with the head kept midline- What is the mechanism of mannitol in treating elevated ICP?
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It is an osmotic diuretic that draws water out of brain tissue and into the vasculature- What serum osmolality finding would suggest mannitol should be held?
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Serum osmolality greater than 320 mOsm/kg- What concentration of hypertonic saline is commonly used to treat cerebral edema?
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3 percent sodium chloride- What is the Monro-Kellie doctrine?
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The skull is a fixed space, so a rise in one intracranial component (brain, blood, or CSF) must be offset by a decrease in another or ICP rises- What percentage of strokes are ischemic rather than hemorrhagic?
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About 87 percent- What is the time window for IV tPA administration from symptom onset in eligible ischemic stroke patients?
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Within 3 to 4.5 hours- Why is active internal bleeding a contraindication to tPA?
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tPA breaks down clots systemically, so it would worsen active bleeding anywhere in the body- What blood pressure must be achieved before giving tPA for ischemic stroke?
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Below 185/110 mmHg- What does the FAST acronym stand for in stroke recognition?
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Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call for help
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