Incidence, prevalence, attributable risk, relative risk, and number needed to treat as cloze cards with each formula and variable defined.
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- Cumulative incidence (incidence proportion) equals the number of ____ of disease divided by the population at risk during a specified time period.
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new cases- Cumulative incidence equals the number of new cases divided by the ____ during a specified time period.
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population at risk- Cumulative incidence is expressed as a ____, with values ranging from 0 to 1.
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proportion- Incidence rate (incidence density) equals the number of new cases divided by the total ____ at risk.
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person-time- Person-time is the sum of the amount of time each study participant spent ____ while under observation.
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at risk of developing the disease- Unlike cumulative incidence, the incidence rate is expressed per unit of ____ (for example, per 1000 person-years), not as a simple proportion.
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person-time- Incidence measures only ____ cases of a disease that develop during a specified time period.
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new- Point prevalence equals the number of existing cases of disease divided by the ____ at a single point in time.
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total population- Point prevalence counts all cases, ____, present at one specific moment in time.
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new and pre-existing- Period prevalence equals the number of cases existing at any time during an interval divided by the ____.
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population at risk during that interval- Period prevalence counts every case that existed ____ during the specified time interval, not just at one instant.
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at any point- In a disease at steady state, prevalence is approximately equal to incidence multiplied by the average ____.
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duration of disease- The relationship prevalence approximately equals incidence multiplied by duration assumes the disease is in a ____, meaning incidence and population size are stable over time.
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steady state- A disease with a short average duration, such as one that resolves quickly or is rapidly fatal, tends to have ____ prevalence relative to its incidence.
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low- Attributable risk (risk difference) equals the incidence of disease in the exposed group minus the incidence of disease in the ____.
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unexposed group
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