Measures of central tendency, variability, and common probability distributions (normal, binomial, Poisson) as cloze cards with each term defined.
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- The ____ is the arithmetic average of a data set, calculated by summing all values and dividing by the number of observations.
- mean
- The ____ is the middle value of a data set when all values are ordered from smallest to largest.
- median
- The ____ is the most frequently occurring value in a data set.
- mode
- In a data set with an even number of observations, the median is calculated as the ____.
- average of the two middle values
- A distribution is called ____ when it has two distinct peaks or most frequent values.
- bimodal
- In a ____ distribution, the mean, median, and mode are all equal and the curve is symmetric and bell-shaped.
- normal (Gaussian)
- In a ____ distribution, approximately 68 percent of values fall within one standard deviation of the mean.
- normal
- In a normal distribution, approximately ____ percent of values fall within two standard deviations of the mean.
- 95
- In a normal distribution, approximately ____ percent of values fall within three standard deviations of the mean.
- 99.7
- A distribution is ____ when the mean is greater than the median and the tail extends to the right.
- positively (right) skewed
- A distribution is ____ when the mean is less than the median and the tail extends to the left.
- negatively (left) skewed
- In a right-skewed distribution, outliers pull the ____ more than the median, making it the higher of the two measures.
- mean
- The ____ is the difference between the maximum and minimum values in a data set.
- range
- The ____ is the average of the squared deviations of each value from the mean.
- variance
- The ____ is the square root of the variance and expresses variability in the same units as the original data.
- standard deviation
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