AP Human Geography political geography, including state forms and boundaries, and urban geography, including land use models and urbanization.
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- What is a state in political geography?
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A sovereign political unit with defined territory, permanent population, government, and capacity to conduct foreign relations.- Define a unitary state.
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A state where power is concentrated in the central government, with local governments having authority delegated by the center.- Define a federal state.
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A state where power is divided between a central government and component units (states, provinces) that retain some autonomy.- What is a confederal state?
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An association of independent states that delegate limited powers to a central authority while retaining most sovereignty.- Define a geometric boundary.
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A boundary drawn on a map using lines of latitude, longitude, or other mathematical/geometric principles rather than physical features.- What is a natural boundary?
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A boundary defined by a physical geographic feature such as a mountain range, river, or ocean.- Define a religious boundary.
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A boundary that separates regions or states organized around different religious beliefs or communities.- What is an ethnic boundary?
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A boundary that separates regions inhabited by different ethnic or cultural groups.- Define a landlocked state.
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A country entirely surrounded by land with no direct access to a coastline or ocean.- What is a buffer state?
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A relatively weak country located between two stronger powers, serving to reduce conflict and tension between them.- Define nationalism in geography.
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An ideology that emphasizes loyalty to the nation-state and belief in the nation as the primary unit of political organization.- What is a nation-state?
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A state whose borders encompass a nation, or a political unit where most citizens share a common culture, language, and identity.- Define irredentism.
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A policy or movement to reclaim territory that was formerly part of a state but is now under another state's control.- What is colonialism in a geographic sense?
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The political and economic control of territory and people by a foreign power, typically involving settlement and resource extraction.- Define an exclave.
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A portion of a state's territory that is geographically separated from the main part and surrounded by another state's territory.
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