AP Human Geography political geography, including state forms and boundaries, and urban geography, including land use models and urbanization.
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- What is a state in political geography?
- A sovereign political unit with defined territory, permanent population, government, and capacity to conduct foreign relations.
- Define a unitary state.
- A state where power is concentrated in the central government, with local governments having authority delegated by the center.
- Define a federal state.
- A state where power is divided between a central government and component units (states, provinces) that retain some autonomy.
- What is a confederal state?
- An association of independent states that delegate limited powers to a central authority while retaining most sovereignty.
- Define a geometric boundary.
- A boundary drawn on a map using lines of latitude, longitude, or other mathematical/geometric principles rather than physical features.
- What is a natural boundary?
- A boundary defined by a physical geographic feature such as a mountain range, river, or ocean.
- Define a religious boundary.
- A boundary that separates regions or states organized around different religious beliefs or communities.
- What is an ethnic boundary?
- A boundary that separates regions inhabited by different ethnic or cultural groups.
- Define a landlocked state.
- A country entirely surrounded by land with no direct access to a coastline or ocean.
- What is a buffer state?
- A relatively weak country located between two stronger powers, serving to reduce conflict and tension between them.
- Define nationalism in geography.
- An ideology that emphasizes loyalty to the nation-state and belief in the nation as the primary unit of political organization.
- What is a nation-state?
- A state whose borders encompass a nation, or a political unit where most citizens share a common culture, language, and identity.
- Define irredentism.
- A policy or movement to reclaim territory that was formerly part of a state but is now under another state's control.
- What is colonialism in a geographic sense?
- The political and economic control of territory and people by a foreign power, typically involving settlement and resource extraction.
- Define an exclave.
- A portion of a state's territory that is geographically separated from the main part and surrounded by another state's territory.