GDP, HDI, and other indicators geographers use to measure and compare a country's level of economic development. Front: the term or indicator. Back: a plain-language definition.
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- GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
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The total monetary value of all finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period, regardless of who owns the producers.- GNI (Gross National Income)
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The total income earned by a country's residents and businesses, including income from abroad, regardless of where the production occurs.- HDI (Human Development Index)
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A composite measure combining life expectancy, education level, and per capita income to assess overall human development in a country.- PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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A measure that adjusts income figures to account for differences in cost of living and price levels between countries, making comparisons more accurate.- Per capita
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A metric calculated by dividing a total (such as GDP or income) by the population, showing the average amount per person.- Gini Coefficient
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A numerical measure of income inequality in a population, ranging from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (perfect inequality), showing how unequal wealth distribution is.- Life expectancy
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The average number of years a newborn is expected to live under current mortality conditions in a country.- Literacy rate
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The percentage of a population aged 15 and above that can read and write in any language.- Infant mortality rate
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The number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1,000 live births in a year, used as an indicator of population health.- Maternal mortality
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The number of deaths of women from pregnancy-related causes per 100,000 live births, a key health development indicator.- High-income country
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A country classified by the World Bank as having a GNI per capita above a certain threshold, indicating advanced economic development.- Middle-income country
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A country classified by the World Bank as falling between low-income and high-income thresholds, often experiencing rapid development transitions.- Low-income country
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A country classified by the World Bank as having a GNI per capita below a specified threshold, indicating less economic development.- Secondary school enrollment
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The percentage of school-age children enrolled in secondary education, indicating educational access and development levels.- Primary school enrollment
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The percentage of primary school-age children enrolled in primary education, a basic measure of educational access.
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