Maps, GIS, remote sensing, and other geographic data tools and methods covered on AP Human Geography. Front: the term. Back: a plain-language definition.
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- GIS (Geographic Information System)
- A system that captures, analyzes, and displays geographic data using layers of information
- Remote sensing
- Gathering information about Earth's surface from a distance using satellites or aircraft
- GPS (Global Positioning System)
- A system of satellites that provides precise location coordinates anywhere on Earth
- Cartography
- The art and science of designing and making maps
- Map projection
- A method of representing Earth's curved surface on a flat two-dimensional map
- Latitude and longitude
- A geographic grid system using horizontal and vertical lines to pinpoint exact locations
- Map scale
- The relationship between distance on a map and actual distance on Earth's surface
- Thematic map
- A map showing the geographic distribution of a specific phenomenon or theme
- Choropleth map
- A map using color or shading to show different data values across regions
- Isoline map
- A map using lines that connect points of equal value for a variable
- Dot map
- A map using dots to show the distribution or density of a phenomenon
- Proportional symbol map
- A map using symbols of different sizes to represent quantities of phenomena
- Cartogram
- A map distorted so that region size is proportional to a variable, not actual area
- Mental map
- A person's subjective perception or memory of places and their spatial relationships
- Mercator projection
- A cylindrical projection that greatly enlarges areas toward the poles