AP Physics 2 fluid statics, thermodynamics, and wave concepts explained conceptually, extending the AP Physics 1 decks.
38 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What does Pascal's principle state?
- A change in pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid.
- What is hydrostatic pressure at depth h in a fluid?
- P = P0 + ρgh, where ρ is density, g is gravitational acceleration, and h is depth.
- State Archimedes' principle.
- The buoyant force on an object equals the weight of the fluid it displaces.
- When does an object float in equilibrium?
- When the buoyant force equals the weight of the object (weight of displaced fluid equals weight of object).
- What is the continuity equation for incompressible flow?
- A1v1 = A2v2, where A is cross-sectional area and v is fluid speed.
- State Bernoulli's equation in terms of energy.
- P + (1/2)ρv² + ρgh = constant along a streamline.
- What does Bernoulli's equation predict about pressure in faster-moving fluid?
- Pressure is lower in faster-moving regions of fluid.
- Define viscosity.
- The resistance of a fluid to flow due to internal friction between its layers.
- What is the difference between gauge pressure and absolute pressure?
- Absolute pressure includes atmospheric pressure; gauge pressure is measured relative to atmospheric pressure (Pabs = Pgauge + Patm).
- What is surface tension?
- The tendency of liquid surfaces to minimize area due to intermolecular forces, acting like an elastic membrane.
- Distinguish between heat and temperature.
- Temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy of particles; heat is energy transfer due to temperature difference.
- State the first law of thermodynamics.
- ΔU = Q - W, where ΔU is change in internal energy, Q is heat added to the system, and W is work done by the system.
- State the second law of thermodynamics.
- The entropy of an isolated system always increases; heat flows spontaneously from hot to cold, not the reverse.
- What is specific heat capacity?
- The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one unit mass by one degree Celsius (or Kelvin).
- What is latent heat?
- The energy required per unit mass to change the state of a substance (e.g., liquid to gas) at constant temperature.