Agricultural systems, rural land use patterns, and von Thunen's model as tested on AP Human Geography.
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- What is von Thunen's model?
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A model explaining the spatial arrangement of agricultural land use around a city based on distance and transportation costs.- In von Thunen's model, what is the innermost zone of land use?
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Horticulture and dairying (intensive, perishable products requiring quick transport to market).- According to von Thunen's model, what activities occupy the second ring?
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Forest production and firewood (heavy but renewable, requiring shorter transport than grain).- In von Thunen's model, what is the outermost zone of land use?
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Extensive livestock ranching and grain farming (low-value products that can tolerate long distances).- What is one key assumption underlying von Thunen's model?
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A single central city is the only market for agricultural products.- How does transportation cost influence land use patterns in von Thunen's model?
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Higher transportation costs push intensive, high-value agriculture closer to the city.- Define subsistence agriculture.
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Farming where the primary goal is to feed the farmer's own family, with little or no surplus for sale.- What is pastoral nomadism?
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A form of subsistence agriculture involving the herding of animals across seasonal grazing lands.- Define shifting cultivation.
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A subsistence farming system in which farmers clear forest land temporarily, grow crops until fertility declines, then abandon the plot.- Which regions of the world practice shifting cultivation today?
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Primarily tropical areas of Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and parts of Latin America.- What is the Green Revolution?
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A transformation of global agriculture beginning in the mid-20th century, using high-yield crop varieties, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation.- When did the Green Revolution begin, and which regions adopted it first?
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It began in the 1960s, first adopted in Asia (especially India and the Philippines) and Latin America.- Name one major positive outcome of the Green Revolution.
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Significant increase in global food production and reduced risk of widespread famine.- Name one major negative environmental outcome of the Green Revolution.
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Environmental degradation including soil depletion, water pollution from chemical runoff, and loss of agricultural biodiversity.- What is monoculture agriculture?
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Growing a single crop on large areas of land, a common practice in industrial agriculture.
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