Agricultural systems, rural land use patterns, and von Thunen's model as tested on AP Human Geography.
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- What is von Thunen's model?
- A model explaining the spatial arrangement of agricultural land use around a city based on distance and transportation costs.
- In von Thunen's model, what is the innermost zone of land use?
- Horticulture and dairying (intensive, perishable products requiring quick transport to market).
- According to von Thunen's model, what activities occupy the second ring?
- Forest production and firewood (heavy but renewable, requiring shorter transport than grain).
- In von Thunen's model, what is the outermost zone of land use?
- Extensive livestock ranching and grain farming (low-value products that can tolerate long distances).
- What is one key assumption underlying von Thunen's model?
- A single central city is the only market for agricultural products.
- How does transportation cost influence land use patterns in von Thunen's model?
- Higher transportation costs push intensive, high-value agriculture closer to the city.
- Define subsistence agriculture.
- Farming where the primary goal is to feed the farmer's own family, with little or no surplus for sale.
- What is pastoral nomadism?
- A form of subsistence agriculture involving the herding of animals across seasonal grazing lands.
- Define shifting cultivation.
- A subsistence farming system in which farmers clear forest land temporarily, grow crops until fertility declines, then abandon the plot.
- Which regions of the world practice shifting cultivation today?
- Primarily tropical areas of Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and parts of Latin America.
- What is the Green Revolution?
- A transformation of global agriculture beginning in the mid-20th century, using high-yield crop varieties, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation.
- When did the Green Revolution begin, and which regions adopted it first?
- It began in the 1960s, first adopted in Asia (especially India and the Philippines) and Latin America.
- Name one major positive outcome of the Green Revolution.
- Significant increase in global food production and reduced risk of widespread famine.
- Name one major negative environmental outcome of the Green Revolution.
- Environmental degradation including soil depletion, water pollution from chemical runoff, and loss of agricultural biodiversity.
- What is monoculture agriculture?
- Growing a single crop on large areas of land, a common practice in industrial agriculture.