AP Human Geography population growth models, demographic transition theory, and migration theory.
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- What does a population pyramid graphically display?
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The age and sex structure of a population at a particular time.- Define the Demographic Transition Model.
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A theoretical model describing how population changes as countries develop economically, moving through stages of varying birth and death rates.- Describe Stage 1 of the Demographic Transition Model.
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High birth rates and high death rates with low population growth; characteristic of pre-industrial societies.- Describe Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model.
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High birth rates but declining death rates due to improved healthcare and sanitation; rapid population growth.- Describe Stage 3 of the Demographic Transition Model.
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Declining birth rates and low death rates; slowing population growth; characteristic of newly industrialized countries.- Describe Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model.
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Low birth rates and low death rates with stable or slightly declining population; characteristic of developed, industrialized countries.- Describe Stage 5 of the Demographic Transition Model.
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Declining population due to very low birth rates and potentially rising death rates; found in some developed countries with aging populations.- What is the natural increase rate?
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The annual rate at which a population grows from births minus deaths, expressed as a percentage, excluding migration.- Define exponential population growth.
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Rapid population growth where numbers increase at an accelerating rate, typically shown as a J-shaped curve on a graph.- Define logistic population growth.
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Population growth that starts exponentially but slows as it approaches the environment's carrying capacity, shown as an S-shaped curve.- What is carrying capacity?
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The maximum population size that an environment can sustain indefinitely given available resources.- Define population density.
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The number of people per unit area, usually expressed as people per square kilometer or square mile.- What is the crude birth rate?
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The annual number of births per 1,000 people in a population.- What is the crude death rate?
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The annual number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population.- Define total fertility rate.
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The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her reproductive lifetime.
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