Democratization, authoritarian resilience, economic liberalization, supranational organizations, and development concepts drawn from the AP course.
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- What is democratization?
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The process of transitioning from authoritarian to democratic governance, typically involving institutional reforms and expanded political participation- What is the third wave of democratization?
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The wave of democratic transitions occurring from the 1970s through 1990s in Latin America, Southern Europe, East Asia, and parts of Africa- What is a transition pact in democratization?
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An elite agreement negotiating the rules and pace of transition from authoritarianism to democracy- What is neopatrimonialism?
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A political system where authority is based on personal patron-client networks rather than impersonal, rule-based institutions- What is a rentier state?
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A state that derives most government revenue from resource extraction, such as oil or minerals, rather than taxation- Define economic liberalization.
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The process of reducing state control over the economy through deregulation, privatization, and opening markets to competition- What is privatization?
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The transfer of state-owned enterprises and services to private sector ownership and management- What are structural adjustment programs?
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Conditions imposed by the IMF and World Bank requiring developing nations to adopt market reforms, reduce spending, and liberalize trade in exchange for loans- What is the primary role of the WTO?
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To promote free trade by negotiating trade agreements, resolving disputes, and reducing tariffs between member nations- Define foreign direct investment (FDI).
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Investment by foreign companies in another country's productive assets, such as factories, equipment, or businesses- What is the European Commission?
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The EU's executive branch, responsible for proposing legislation, enforcing EU law, and managing the union's budget- What is the European Council?
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The institution where the heads of state and government of EU member states meet to set the union's political direction- What is the European Parliament?
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The directly-elected legislative body of the European Union representing EU citizens- What is ASEAN?
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The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, a regional organization promoting economic cooperation, stability, and dialogue among ten Southeast Asian states- What is MERCOSUR?
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A South American trade bloc and economic union primarily comprising Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay
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