Causes and consequences of World War I and II and the rise of totalitarian regimes tested on AP European History.
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- What were the three nations of the Triple Alliance formed in 1882?
- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
- What were the three nations of the Triple Entente formed in 1907?
- France, Russia, and Britain
- Define militarism in the context of pre-1914 Europe.
- The glorification of military strength and the tendency to see military solutions as preferable to diplomacy
- What event in June 1914 triggered the immediate crisis leading to World War I?
- Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo
- What was the Schlieffen Plan?
- Germany's military strategy to quickly defeat France by invading through Belgium, then turn to fight Russia
- In what year was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
- 1919
- What was the War Guilt Clause in the Treaty of Versailles?
- Article 231, which forced Germany to accept sole responsibility for causing World War I
- How much were German reparations set at by the Treaty of Versailles?
- 132 billion gold marks, later reduced to 112 billion
- What territory did Germany lose to France under the Treaty of Versailles?
- Alsace-Lorraine
- What was the Weimar Republic?
- Germany's democratic government established in 1919 after the Kaiser's abdication
- In what period did hyperinflation devastate the German economy?
- 1923, when the value of the German mark collapsed
- What was the Beer Hall Putsch?
- Hitler's failed attempt to overthrow the Bavarian government in Munich in 1923
- When did Benito Mussolini come to power in Italy?
- 1922, after the March on Rome
- What ideology did Benito Mussolini champion?
- Fascism, emphasizing extreme nationalism, the state above the individual, and a strong leader
- In what year was Joseph Stalin firmly established as the leader of the Soviet Union?
- 1929, after defeating Leon Trotsky and consolidating power