How power is divided between national and subnational governments in federal versus unitary states, with real examples.
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- What is federalism?
- A system of government where power is divided between a national government and regional governments (states or provinces), each with their own constitutionally defined powers.
- What is a unitary system?
- A system of government where all power is held by a central national government, which may delegate authority to regional or local governments at its discretion.
- What is a confederation?
- A loose alliance of independent states or regions that retain sovereignty and delegate limited powers to a central coordinating body.
- Where does sovereignty reside in a federal system?
- Sovereignty is shared or split between the national government and the regional governments, each supreme in their own sphere.
- Where does sovereignty reside in a unitary system?
- Sovereignty rests entirely with the central national government, which holds the ultimate legal and political authority.
- Is the United States a federal or unitary system?
- Federal. Power is divided between the federal government and the 50 state governments.
- Is Canada a federal or unitary system?
- Federal. Power is divided between the federal government and the ten provinces and three territories.
- Is Australia a federal or unitary system?
- Federal. Power is divided between the federal government and six states and two territories.
- Is Germany a federal or unitary system?
- Federal. Power is divided between the federal government and sixteen Laender (state governments).
- Is India a federal or unitary system?
- Federal. Power is divided between the central government and 28 states and 8 union territories.
- Is Brazil a federal or unitary system?
- Federal. Power is divided between the federal government and 26 states plus the Federal District.
- Is Nigeria a federal or unitary system?
- Federal. Power is divided between the federal government and 36 states.
- Is the United Kingdom a federal or unitary system?
- Unitary, though with devolution. Ultimate sovereignty rests with Parliament, but Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland have devolved regional governments.
- Is France a federal or unitary system?
- Unitary. Sovereignty rests with the central government in Paris, though regions and communes have limited local authority.
- Is Japan a federal or unitary system?
- Unitary. Sovereignty rests with the national government, though prefectures have some local authority delegated by the center.
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