Key figures, ideas, and events of the Renaissance and the Protestant and Catholic Reformations tested on AP European History.
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- Which Renaissance artist painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?
- Michelangelo
- What was Leonardo da Vinci's primary occupation?
- Painter and polymath (also inventor, architect, scientist)
- Name the artist who painted the School of Athens fresco.
- Raphael
- What was the primary focus of Renaissance humanism?
- Study of classical Greek and Roman texts and emphasis on human potential and dignity
- Which Italian poet wrote the Divine Comedy?
- Dante Alighieri
- Which family served as major patrons of Renaissance artists in Florence?
- The Medici family
- Who wrote The Prince, a book about practical politics and power?
- Nicolo Machiavelli
- What innovation allowed Renaissance ideas to spread rapidly across Europe?
- The printing press (invented by Gutenberg around 1440)
- What artistic technique, developed during the Renaissance, creates the illusion of three-dimensional space on a flat surface?
- Linear perspective
- Which Christian humanist wrote In Praise of Folly and sought church reform without breaking with Rome?
- Desiderius Erasmus
- What were indulgences in the medieval Catholic Church?
- Certificates sold by the Church that supposedly reduced time in purgatory for sins
- What did Martin Luther nail to the church door in Wittenberg in 1517?
- 95 Theses (or 95 Thesis), arguments against indulgences
- What is the Protestant doctrine that salvation comes through faith alone?
- Justification by faith alone
- At what 1521 event was Martin Luther given a chance to recant his views before the Holy Roman Emperor?
- The Diet of Worms
- What 1555 agreement allowed German princes to choose the religion of their territories?
- The Peace of Augsburg