Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke syndromes matched to the vascular territory and resulting deficits tested on USMLE Step 1.
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- Which artery occlusion causes contralateral leg and foot weakness/sensory loss greater than the arm or face?
- Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
- Which artery occlusion causes contralateral face and arm weakness greater than the leg?
- Middle cerebral artery (MCA)
- A stroke in the dominant hemisphere MCA territory typically causes what language deficit?
- Aphasia
- A stroke in the non-dominant (right) parietal lobe typically causes what deficit?
- Hemispatial (contralateral) neglect
- Occlusion of which artery causes contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing?
- Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
- What type of small penetrating arteries are most commonly affected in lacunar strokes?
- Lenticulostriate arteries
- A pure motor lacunar stroke most commonly occurs in which structure?
- Posterior limb of the internal capsule
- Occlusion of the anterior choroidal artery classically causes what triad of deficits?
- Contralateral hemiplegia, hemianesthesia, and homonymous hemianopia
- Occlusion of the basilar artery classically causes what syndrome?
- Locked-in syndrome
- In locked-in syndrome, which functions are typically preserved?
- Consciousness and vertical eye movements/blinking
- Occlusion of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) causes what named syndrome?
- Lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg syndrome)
- In Wallenberg syndrome, damage to the nucleus ambiguus causes what deficits?
- Dysphagia, hoarseness, and dysarthria
- In Wallenberg syndrome, damage to the spinal trigeminal nucleus causes what deficit?
- Ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation on the face
- In Wallenberg syndrome, damage to the spinothalamic tract causes what deficit?
- Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation on the body
- In Wallenberg syndrome, damage to descending sympathetic fibers causes what finding?
- Ipsilateral Horner syndrome