A condensed rapid review pass over the highest yield renal physiology and pathology facts for final week review.
39 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What mechanism allows renal blood flow to stay constant despite changes in arterial blood pressure (60-160 mmHg)?
- Myogenic autoregulation (stretch-induced constriction of the afferent arteriole)
- Clearance-based GFR is calculated as (urine concentration x urine flow rate) divided by ____ of a freely filtered, non-reabsorbed, non-secreted marker.
- plasma concentration
- How is filtration fraction calculated?
- GFR divided by renal plasma flow (RPF)
- Which marker substance is used to measure GFR because it is freely filtered and neither reabsorbed nor secreted by the nephron?
- Inulin
- What renal physiologic parameter does para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) clearance estimate?
- Effective renal plasma flow (RPF)
- In which nephron segment is nearly all filtered glucose normally reabsorbed?
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Is the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle permeable to water?
- No, it is impermeable to water
- Is the thin descending limb of the loop of Henle permeable to water?
- Yes, it is permeable to water but not to solutes
- ADH binds V2 receptors on collecting duct principal cells and triggers insertion of ____ channels into the apical membrane.
- aquaporin 2
- Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion by acting on which cell type?
- Principal cells of the collecting duct
- PTH increases calcium reabsorption primarily in which nephron segment?
- Distal convoluted tubule
- What effect does PTH have on renal phosphate handling?
- It decreases phosphate reabsorption in the proximal tubule, increasing phosphate excretion
- What is the main effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on the glomerulus?
- It increases GFR by dilating the afferent arteriole and constricting the efferent arteriole
- Angiotensin II preferentially constricts which renal arteriole?
- The efferent arteriole
- Renin is secreted by which specialized renal cells?
- Juxtaglomerular cells