Root cause analysis tools including fishbone diagrams, five whys, Pareto charts, and hypothesis testing used in the Analyze phase.
35 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What does a fishbone diagram show?
Show answer
Potential causes of a problem organized by category branches extending from a central spine representing the effect- What are the six Ms typically used as main categories in an extended fishbone diagram?
Show answer
Materials, Methods, Machines, Man (People), Measurement, and Mother Environment (Environment)- What is another name for a fishbone diagram?
Show answer
Ishikawa diagram- When should you use a fishbone diagram instead of the Five Whys?
Show answer
When you want to identify and organize many potential causes at the same level before drilling down, rather than sequentially asking why- What is the Five Whys technique?
Show answer
A problem-solving method where you repeatedly ask 'why' to drill down through successive layers of cause and effect to find the root cause- What does a Pareto chart display?
Show answer
A bar chart ranked by frequency or impact in descending order, with a cumulative percentage line overlay showing total impact- State the Pareto principle and the typical ratio it describes.
Show answer
Approximately 80 percent of the effects (problems) come from 20 percent of the causes- In a Pareto chart, what does the cumulative percentage line help you identify?
Show answer
The vital few causes that account for the majority of the problem, so you can prioritize which causes to address first- What is the null hypothesis in statistical testing?
Show answer
The assumption that there is no significant difference, no effect, or no relationship between variables- What is the alternative hypothesis?
Show answer
The hypothesis that there is a statistically significant difference, effect, or relationship; it is accepted if the null hypothesis is rejected- What does a p-value represent?
Show answer
The probability of observing the test result (or more extreme) if the null hypothesis is actually true- What is the standard alpha level (significance level) used to reject the null hypothesis?
Show answer
0.05 (or 5 percent), meaning you accept a 5 percent chance of a Type I error- What is a Type I error in hypothesis testing?
Show answer
Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true; concluding there is a significant effect when there is not- What is a Type II error in hypothesis testing?
Show answer
Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false; concluding there is no effect when there really is one- What does the power of a test measure?
Show answer
The probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false; power equals 1 minus the Type II error rate
FlashKeepers