Core statistical vocabulary used across Six Sigma projects, including sigma level, defects per million opportunities, and process capability indices.
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- What is the target defect rate for a Six Sigma process?
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3.4 defects per million opportunities (DPMO)- What does DPMO stand for?
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Defects Per Million Opportunities- What does Cp measure?
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Process capability without considering centering; compares specification width to process spread- What does Cpk measure?
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Process capability accounting for centering; the minimum of upper and lower capability- What does Pp measure?
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Process performance over time without assuming special causes are eliminated- What does Ppk measure?
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Process performance accounting for centering over time- When Cp equals Cpk, what does it indicate?
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The process is perfectly centered within the specification limits- When Cp is greater than Cpk, what does it indicate?
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The process is off-center and not using its full capability- What is the difference between process capability and process performance?
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Capability assumes only common cause variation present; performance includes all variation observed- What are upper and lower control limits (UCL and LCL)?
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The statistical boundaries on a control chart; typically set at plus and minus 3 standard deviations from the mean- What is process centering?
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The location of the process mean relative to the target or specification limits- What is process spread?
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The width of process variation, typically measured as six standard deviations- What is the 1.5 sigma shift concept?
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An assumption that process mean can shift by 1.5 standard deviations over time, so 6 sigma at short-term equals 4.5 sigma at long-term- What are the five phases of DMAIC?
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Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control- What is DMADV?
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Design for Six Sigma methodology: Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify
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