Data collection plans, measurement systems analysis, process capability, and control charts used in the Measure phase.
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- What is the main purpose of a data collection plan?
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To clearly define how data will be gathered systematically to ensure accuracy and relevance to the process problem being analyzed.- Name the six key elements of a data collection plan (5W1H framework).
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Who (who collects the data), What (what data to collect), Where (location of data collection), When (timing), Why (purpose), How (method of collection).- What is random sampling?
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A sampling method where every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected, reducing bias.- What is stratified sampling?
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Dividing the population into subgroups (strata) and sampling randomly from each subgroup to ensure representation.- Define continuous data in Six Sigma.
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Quantitative data that can take any value within a range, measured on a scale (e.g., weight, temperature, time).- Define discrete data in Six Sigma.
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Quantitative data that can only take specific, countable values (e.g., number of defects, number of failures).- Define attribute data.
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Qualitative, categorical data that describes the presence or absence of a characteristic (e.g., pass/fail, good/bad).- What is data stratification?
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Breaking down data into subgroups (by time, location, operator, equipment, etc.) to reveal patterns and differences not visible in overall data.- What is Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA)?
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The study of a measurement system's capability to accurately and repeatably measure a characteristic of a process or product.- What is Gage R&R (Repeatability and Reproducibility)?
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A statistical study to evaluate how much variation in a measurement system comes from measurement error versus true part-to-part variation.- Define repeatability in a measurement system.
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The variation in measurements when the same part is measured multiple times by the same operator using the same equipment.- Define reproducibility in a measurement system.
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The variation in measurements when the same part is measured by different operators or with different equipment.- What is accuracy in measurement?
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How close a measured value is to the true or reference value, indicating whether the measurement system has bias.- What is precision in measurement?
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How consistent or repeatable measurements are when measuring the same item multiple times, reflecting the spread of measurements.- What is bias in a measurement system?
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A systematic error where measurements consistently deviate from the true value in one direction (high or low).
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