Binocular vision disorders, strabismus types, and amblyopia diagnosis and management concepts tested on the NBEO.
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- What is strabismus?
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A misalignment of the eyes where they do not point in the same direction- What is esotropia?
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Inward (nasal) deviation of an eye- What is exotropia?
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Outward (temporal) deviation of an eye- What is hypertropia?
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Upward deviation of an eye- What is hypotropia?
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Downward deviation of an eye- What is the difference between a tropia and a phoria?
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A tropia is a manifest deviation present under normal binocular viewing, while a phoria is a latent deviation controlled by fusion until binocular vision is disrupted- What test is used to detect and measure a tropia?
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The cover-uncover test- What test is used to detect and measure a phoria?
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The alternate cover test (cross cover test)- What does the Hirschberg test estimate?
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The angle of ocular misalignment based on the position of the corneal light reflex- What does amblyopia refer to?
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Reduced best-corrected visual acuity in one eye not fully explained by structural abnormality, caused by abnormal visual development in childhood- What causes strabismic amblyopia?
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Chronic suppression of the deviated eye's image to avoid diplopia- What causes refractive (anisometropic) amblyopia?
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A significant difference in refractive error between the two eyes, causing chronic blur in one eye- What causes deprivation amblyopia?
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An obstruction to the visual axis in infancy, such as a congenital cataract, preventing normal retinal image formation- What is the standard treatment for amblyopia in the non-preferred eye?
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Occlusion (patching) or penalization of the stronger eye to force use of the weaker eye- What is the critical period relevant to amblyopia treatment?
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The early childhood window during which the visual system is most plastic and treatment is most effective
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