Cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy with their hallmark exam findings, tested on the NBEO.
45 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is a cataract?
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Clouding (opacification) of the eye's crystalline lens.- Most common type of age-related cataract?
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Nuclear sclerotic cataract.- Refractive shift caused by an early nuclear sclerotic cataract?
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Myopic shift (index myopia).- Classic slit lamp appearance of a cortical cataract?
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Spoke-like (radial) opacities in the lens cortex.- Cataract type most associated with chronic corticosteroid use?
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Posterior subcapsular cataract.- Why do posterior subcapsular cataracts cause disproportionate glare and near-vision symptoms?
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The opacity sits at the posterior visual axis, so it blocks light most when the pupil constricts (bright light or near work).- Congenital cataracts are classically caused by first-trimester maternal infection with which virus?
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Rubella.- "Christmas tree" cataract (polychromatic crystals) is associated with which systemic disease?
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Myotonic dystrophy.- Cataract subtype associated with diabetes, showing white flake-like opacities?
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Snowflake cataract.- Most common late complication after cataract (IOL) surgery causing decreased vision?
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Posterior capsule opacification (PCO).- Standard photographic grading system used for cataract severity?
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LOCS III (Lens Opacities Classification System III).- Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is defined by which two core findings, with an open angle on gonioscopy?
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Progressive optic nerve damage (cupping) and corresponding visual field loss.- What optic disc finding is the hallmark of glaucomatous damage?
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Increased cup-to-disc ratio.- The ____ states normal neuroretinal rim thickness follows the order inferior > superior > nasal > temporal.
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ISNT rule- Classic symptom triad of acute angle closure glaucoma?
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Severe eye pain, halos around lights, and a red eye with blurred vision.
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