Cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy with their hallmark exam findings, tested on the NBEO.
45 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is a cataract?
- Clouding (opacification) of the eye's crystalline lens.
- Most common type of age-related cataract?
- Nuclear sclerotic cataract.
- Refractive shift caused by an early nuclear sclerotic cataract?
- Myopic shift (index myopia).
- Classic slit lamp appearance of a cortical cataract?
- Spoke-like (radial) opacities in the lens cortex.
- Cataract type most associated with chronic corticosteroid use?
- Posterior subcapsular cataract.
- Why do posterior subcapsular cataracts cause disproportionate glare and near-vision symptoms?
- The opacity sits at the posterior visual axis, so it blocks light most when the pupil constricts (bright light or near work).
- Congenital cataracts are classically caused by first-trimester maternal infection with which virus?
- Rubella.
- "Christmas tree" cataract (polychromatic crystals) is associated with which systemic disease?
- Myotonic dystrophy.
- Cataract subtype associated with diabetes, showing white flake-like opacities?
- Snowflake cataract.
- Most common late complication after cataract (IOL) surgery causing decreased vision?
- Posterior capsule opacification (PCO).
- Standard photographic grading system used for cataract severity?
- LOCS III (Lens Opacities Classification System III).
- Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is defined by which two core findings, with an open angle on gonioscopy?
- Progressive optic nerve damage (cupping) and corresponding visual field loss.
- What optic disc finding is the hallmark of glaucomatous damage?
- Increased cup-to-disc ratio.
- The ____ states normal neuroretinal rim thickness follows the order inferior > superior > nasal > temporal.
- ISNT rule
- Classic symptom triad of acute angle closure glaucoma?
- Severe eye pain, halos around lights, and a red eye with blurred vision.