Ocular emergency presentations, including chemical burns, foreign bodies, and acute angle-closure glaucoma, tested on the NBEO.
30 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the first step in managing a chemical eye burn?
- Immediate and copious irrigation of the eye with saline or water for at least 15 to 30 minutes
- Which type of chemical burn to the eye generally causes more severe and penetrating damage, acid or alkali?
- Alkali burns, because they cause liquefactive necrosis that penetrates deeper into ocular tissue
- What type of necrosis do acid burns typically cause, limiting their depth of penetration?
- Coagulative necrosis, which forms a barrier that limits further penetration
- What is a corneal abrasion?
- A superficial defect in the corneal epithelium, often caused by trauma or a foreign body
- What stain is used to help visualize a corneal abrasion?
- Fluorescein stain under cobalt blue light
- What is a hyphema?
- Blood accumulation in the anterior chamber of the eye, usually from blunt trauma
- What activity restriction is commonly recommended for a patient with a traumatic hyphema?
- Limiting physical activity and avoiding blood thinners to reduce the risk of rebleeding
- What is an open globe injury?
- A full-thickness injury to the cornea or sclera that breaches the integrity of the eyeball
- What should NOT be done when an open globe injury is suspected?
- Applying pressure to the eye or attempting to remove a penetrating object
- What is the appropriate immediate protection for a suspected open globe injury before transport for surgical repair?
- A rigid eye shield without pressure on the globe
- What is a blowout fracture of the orbit?
- A fracture of the orbital floor or medial wall caused by blunt trauma, often with entrapment of orbital tissue
- What eye movement finding is classic for an orbital floor fracture with muscle entrapment?
- Restricted upward gaze due to entrapment of the inferior rectus muscle
- What is traumatic iritis?
- Inflammation of the iris following blunt ocular trauma, presenting with pain, photophobia, and cells in the anterior chamber
- What is angle recession glaucoma?
- A delayed form of glaucoma that can develop months to years after blunt ocular trauma damages the anterior chamber angle
- What is the classic presentation of acute angle-closure glaucoma?
- Severe eye pain, blurred vision, halos around lights, nausea, and a red eye with a fixed, mid-dilated pupil
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