TNM staging basics and current screening guideline ages and intervals for common solid tumors (breast, colon, cervical, lung) in clinical practice.
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- In the TNM cancer staging system, what does the T category describe?
- The size and local extent of the primary tumor
- In the TNM cancer staging system, what does the N category describe?
- The extent of regional lymph node involvement
- In the TNM cancer staging system, what does the M category describe?
- The presence or absence of distant metastasis
- What does a designation of Tis mean in TNM staging?
- Carcinoma in situ, an early cancer that has not invaded beyond its original layer
- What does T0 indicate in TNM staging?
- No evidence of a primary tumor
- What does N0 indicate in TNM staging?
- No regional lymph node metastasis
- What does M0 indicate in TNM staging?
- No distant metastasis detected
- What does M1 indicate in TNM staging?
- Distant metastasis is present
- As the T category number increases from T1 to T4, what does this generally reflect?
- Increasing size or local extent of the primary tumor
- Which two organizations jointly maintain the TNM cancer staging system?
- The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC)
- What does the abbreviation AJCC stand for?
- American Joint Committee on Cancer
- What does the abbreviation UICC stand for?
- Union for International Cancer Control
- In overall stage grouping, which stage is generally used for carcinoma in situ?
- Stage 0
- In overall stage grouping, which stage generally indicates distant metastatic disease?
- Stage IV
- What prefix is added before TNM to denote staging based on physical exam and imaging prior to treatment?
- The c prefix, as in cTNM (clinical staging)