Postpartum hemorrhage risk, involution assessment, and newborn transition-to-extrauterine-life care priorities.
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- What is the definition of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) after a vaginal birth?
- Blood loss greater than 500 mL
- What is the definition of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) after a cesarean birth?
- Blood loss greater than 1000 mL
- What is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage?
- Uterine atony
- What do the 4 T's of postpartum hemorrhage causes stand for?
- Tone, Trauma, Tissue, Thrombin
- A nurse finds a postpartum client's fundus soft and boggy. What is the first action?
- Massage the fundus
- What is the first-line medication given to treat uterine atony?
- Oxytocin
- Methylergonovine (Methergine) is contraindicated in clients with which condition?
- Hypertension
- Carboprost (Hemabate) is contraindicated in clients with which condition?
- Asthma
- By what route can misoprostol be given to control postpartum hemorrhage?
- Rectally (also oral or sublingual)
- Early postpartum hemorrhage occurs within what time frame after birth?
- Within the first 24 hours
- Late postpartum hemorrhage occurs within what time frame?
- 24 hours to 6 weeks after birth
- Retained placental fragments correspond to which of the 4 T's of PPH?
- Tissue
- Why can heart rate rise before blood pressure drops during early postpartum hemorrhage?
- Pregnancy-related blood volume expansion masks early blood loss, so tachycardia appears before hypotension
- What is uterine involution?
- The process of the uterus returning to its prepregnancy size and position after birth
- Where is the fundus normally located immediately after birth?
- At the level of the umbilicus