Antiepileptic and antiparkinson drug classes with their toxicity signs and key nursing monitoring points.
34 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the therapeutic serum range for phenytoin (Dilantin)?
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10 to 20 mcg/mL- What are three classic signs of phenytoin toxicity?
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Nystagmus, ataxia, and slurred speech- What long-term oral side effect is associated with phenytoin therapy?
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Gingival hyperplasia (overgrowth of the gums)- What nursing instruction helps limit phenytoin-related gum overgrowth?
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Encourage frequent brushing, flossing, and regular dental checkups- Why should IV phenytoin never be mixed with or infused through a dextrose (D5W) line?
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It precipitates (forms crystals) in dextrose solutions; it must be given with normal saline- What is the maximum recommended IV push rate for phenytoin in adults?
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No faster than 50 mg per minute- What lab values should be monitored regularly in a patient taking valproic acid?
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Liver function tests (AST/ALT) and ammonia level- Why is valproic acid considered high risk during pregnancy?
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It is linked to neural tube defects in the fetus- What lab test should be monitored regularly in a patient taking carbamazepine?
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Complete blood count (CBC), due to the risk of bone marrow suppression- What two serious blood disorders can result from carbamazepine therapy?
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Aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis- What serious skin reaction carries a black box warning for lamotrigine?
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Stevens-Johnson syndrome- What should a patient starting lamotrigine be told to report immediately?
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Any new skin rash- Which anticonvulsant is a first-line treatment specifically for absence seizures?
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Ethosuximide- What behavioral side effects should be monitored in a patient taking levetiracetam?
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Mood changes, irritability, and depression- What two adverse effects are commonly associated with topiramate?
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Cognitive slowing (word-finding difficulty) and kidney stones
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