Antihistamines and emergency anaphylaxis medications with their key nursing considerations and patient teaching points.
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- Antihistamines used for allergies block which type of receptor?
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Histamine-1 (H1) receptors- What is the key clinical difference between first-generation and second-generation antihistamines?
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First-generation drugs cross the blood-brain barrier and cause sedation; second-generation drugs largely do not- Diphenhydramine belongs to which antihistamine class?
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First-generation (sedating) antihistamine- What is the most common side effect of diphenhydramine?
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Drowsiness (sedation)- Diphenhydramine's anticholinergic action commonly causes dry mouth and which visual side effect?
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Blurred vision- Why should diphenhydramine be used cautiously in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
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It can cause or worsen urinary retention- Why is diphenhydramine especially risky in older adults?
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It increases the risk of falls and confusion- What is diphenhydramine's role during an anaphylaxis emergency?
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An adjunct to relieve itching and hives, not the first-line treatment- Loratadine belongs to which antihistamine class?
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Second-generation, nonsedating antihistamine- How does cetirizine differ from most other second-generation antihistamines?
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It can still cause mild drowsiness in some patients- What should patients avoid taking with fexofenadine?
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Fruit juices such as apple, orange, or grapefruit juice- What should patients taking antihistamines be taught to avoid combining them with?
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Alcohol and other central nervous system depressants- What activity should patients avoid until they know how a first-generation antihistamine affects them?
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Driving or operating heavy machinery- Antihistamines are contraindicated in patients with which eye condition?
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Narrow-angle glaucoma- When is the best time of day to take a sedating (first-generation) antihistamine?
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At bedtime
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