Antihistamines and emergency anaphylaxis medications with their key nursing considerations and patient teaching points.
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- Antihistamines used for allergies block which type of receptor?
- Histamine-1 (H1) receptors
- What is the key clinical difference between first-generation and second-generation antihistamines?
- First-generation drugs cross the blood-brain barrier and cause sedation; second-generation drugs largely do not
- Diphenhydramine belongs to which antihistamine class?
- First-generation (sedating) antihistamine
- What is the most common side effect of diphenhydramine?
- Drowsiness (sedation)
- Diphenhydramine's anticholinergic action commonly causes dry mouth and which visual side effect?
- Blurred vision
- Why should diphenhydramine be used cautiously in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
- It can cause or worsen urinary retention
- Why is diphenhydramine especially risky in older adults?
- It increases the risk of falls and confusion
- What is diphenhydramine's role during an anaphylaxis emergency?
- An adjunct to relieve itching and hives, not the first-line treatment
- Loratadine belongs to which antihistamine class?
- Second-generation, nonsedating antihistamine
- How does cetirizine differ from most other second-generation antihistamines?
- It can still cause mild drowsiness in some patients
- What should patients avoid taking with fexofenadine?
- Fruit juices such as apple, orange, or grapefruit juice
- What should patients taking antihistamines be taught to avoid combining them with?
- Alcohol and other central nervous system depressants
- What activity should patients avoid until they know how a first-generation antihistamine affects them?
- Driving or operating heavy machinery
- Antihistamines are contraindicated in patients with which eye condition?
- Narrow-angle glaucoma
- When is the best time of day to take a sedating (first-generation) antihistamine?
- At bedtime