Limiting reagent calculations, molarity and molality, and colligative properties tested on the MCAT.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is a limiting reagent?
- The reactant that is fully consumed first, limiting how much product can form.
- What is an excess reagent?
- A reactant that remains partially unreacted after the limiting reagent is used up.
- What is theoretical yield?
- The maximum amount of product predicted from the limiting reagent using stoichiometry.
- What is actual yield?
- The amount of product actually obtained from an experiment or reaction.
- Percent yield is calculated as ____.
- (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100%
- In a limiting reagent problem, what is the first step after writing a balanced equation?
- Convert the mass (or volume) of each reactant into moles.
- How do you identify the limiting reagent once the moles of each reactant are known?
- Divide each reactant's moles by its stoichiometric coefficient; the smallest result identifies the limiting reagent.
- Where do the mole ratios used in a stoichiometry calculation come from?
- The coefficients of the balanced chemical equation.
- What is Avogadro's number?
- 6.022 x 10^23 particles per mole.
- What is molar mass?
- The mass in grams of one mole of a substance.
- What is an empirical formula?
- The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
- What is a molecular formula?
- The actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule of a compound.
- How is a molecular formula related to its empirical formula?
- The molecular formula equals the empirical formula multiplied by a whole number n.
- What is percent composition by mass?
- The mass of one element divided by the total mass of the compound, times 100%.
- What law guarantees that the mass of reactants equals the mass of products?
- The law of conservation of mass.