Core gen chem concepts tested on MCAT: gas laws, thermodynamics, equilibrium, acid-base, electrochemistry.
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- What is the ideal gas law equation?
- PV = nRT
- At STP, what volume does one mole of ideal gas occupy?
- 22.4 L
- What does Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures state?
- Total pressure equals the sum of partial pressures of all gases
- At constant temperature and volume, pressure is ____ to the number of moles of gas.
- directly proportional
- How does the volume of a gas change if temperature increases at constant pressure?
- Volume increases (Charles' Law: V is proportional to T)
- What is Graham's Law of Diffusion?
- The rate of gas diffusion is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass
- The kinetic energy of gas molecules is directly proportional to ____.
- absolute temperature
- At what condition do real gases deviate most from ideal behavior?
- At high pressure and low temperature
- Define enthalpy (H).
- A measure of total heat content; H = U + PV, where U is internal energy
- A reaction with a negative delta H is ____.
- exothermic
- What does entropy (S) measure?
- The degree of disorder or randomness in a system
- How does entropy change in a spontaneous process?
- Entropy of the universe increases (Delta S total > 0)
- What is Gibbs free energy (G)?
- G = H - TS; the energy available to do work
- A reaction is spontaneous when Delta G is ____.
- negative
- What is the relationship between Delta G and the equilibrium constant (Keq)?
- Delta G = -RT ln(Keq)