Interest groups, political action committees, and the media's role in shaping public opinion and policy, as tested on AP US Government. Front: the term or concept. Back: a plain-language definition.
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- interest group
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An organization of people who share common interests or goals and work to influence government policy in their favor.- Political action committee (PAC)
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An organization that raises money from members or donors to support political candidates or causes aligned with the group's interests.- super PAC
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An independent political action committee that can raise unlimited money from corporations, unions, and individuals, but cannot coordinate directly with candidates.- lobbyist
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A person hired by an interest group to influence government officials and policy makers on behalf of that group.- lobbying
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The activities and strategies used by interest groups to influence government policy and decision-making.- grassroots lobbying
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Efforts by interest groups to mobilize ordinary citizens to contact their elected representatives about an issue.- astroturf lobbying
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A fake grassroots movement created and funded by special interests to appear as though it has organic public support.- inside lobbying
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Direct efforts by interest groups to influence policy makers, often through one-on-one meetings, testimony, or private negotiations.- outside lobbying
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Efforts by interest groups to influence policy by mobilizing and shaping public opinion, often through media campaigns or grassroots organizing.- revolving door
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The practice of people moving between positions in government and positions in lobbying firms or private industries regulated by those agencies.- issue advocacy
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Advertising, campaigns, or communications promoting a particular policy position without directly calling for a candidate's election or defeat.- hard money
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Campaign contributions with strict legal limits that go directly to political candidates or their campaign committees.- soft money
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Largely unregulated campaign contributions to political parties for general party activities, largely banned after the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002.- Citizens United v. FEC
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A 2010 Supreme Court decision that struck down limits on campaign spending by corporations and unions, allowing unlimited independent political spending.- agenda-setting
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The media's power to determine which issues and topics the public considers important by deciding which stories to cover and how prominently.
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