Prenatal development, attachment, Piaget, Vygotsky, Erikson, Kohlberg, adolescence, and adult development.
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- What are the three stages of prenatal development?
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Germinal, embryonic, and fetal- During which trimester does the fetus begin to show coordinated movements?
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Second trimester- What is the placenta's primary function during pregnancy?
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Exchange nutrients, oxygen, and waste between mother and fetus- What is a teratogen?
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An environmental agent or substance that causes birth defects or abnormal fetal development- What is attachment in infant development?
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An emotional bond between an infant and a primary caregiver- What does Ainsworth's 'strange situation' procedure measure?
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The security and style of an infant's attachment to its caregiver- According to Bowlby, infants form attachment primarily because...
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It increases their chances of survival- What does responsive parenting promote in infants?
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Secure attachment- What are Piaget's four stages of cognitive development?
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Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational- Object permanence first emerges during which stage of Piaget's theory?
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The sensorimotor stage, around 8 months old- What is egocentrism in Piaget's preoperational stage?
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The inability to understand that others have different perspectives, beliefs, or thoughts- In Piaget's theory, what does conservation refer to?
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The understanding that quantity remains the same even when appearance changes- What is the defining cognitive ability that emerges in Piaget's formal operational stage?
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Abstract thinking and logical reasoning about hypothetical situations- What is Vygotsky's zone of proximal development?
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The gap between what a child can do independently and what they can do with guidance from a more skilled adult- What is scaffolding in Vygotsky's approach to teaching?
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Providing temporary support or guidance that is gradually reduced as the child learns
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