Motivation theories, emotion theories, stress and coping, trait, psychodynamic, humanistic, and social-cognitive personality theories.
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- What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
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A pyramid of five levels of human needs: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.- What does self-actualization mean?
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Fulfilling one's full potential and becoming the best version of oneself.- Define intrinsic motivation.
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Motivation driven by internal desires and personal satisfaction rather than external rewards.- Define extrinsic motivation.
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Motivation driven by external rewards or punishments rather than internal satisfaction.- What is self-determination theory?
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A theory proposing that people are motivated by three basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness.- What is expectancy-value theory of motivation?
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The idea that motivation depends on how much someone values a goal and how likely they believe they are to achieve it.- What is drive reduction theory?
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A theory that motivation arises from physiological needs creating drives, which organisms work to reduce.- What is the James-Lange theory of emotion?
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A theory proposing that emotions result from our physical reactions to stimuli, not the other way around.- What is the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion?
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A theory proposing that emotional experience and physiological arousal occur simultaneously and independently in response to a stimulus.- What is the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion?
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A theory proposing that emotion results from physical arousal combined with cognitive appraisal of the situation.- What is cognitive appraisal in emotion?
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The interpretation and evaluation of a situation, which determines what emotion a person experiences.- What is the difference between mood and emotion?
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Emotions are brief, intense reactions to specific events; moods are longer-lasting, less intense, and not tied to specific causes.- What is Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome?
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A three-stage physiological stress response: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.- What happens during the alarm stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome?
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The body experiences a fight-or-flight response, activating the sympathetic nervous system and releasing stress hormones.- What happens during the resistance stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome?
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The body adapts to the stressor and attempts to restore homeostasis while remaining alert to the threat.
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