Diagnostic categories of psychological disorders, DSM concepts, therapy types, and biomedical treatments.
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- In schizophrenia, what is the difference between positive and negative symptoms?
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Positive symptoms are additions to behavior (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech); negative symptoms are reductions in normal behavior (flat affect, avolition, alogia).- What is schizoaffective disorder?
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A disorder with both psychotic symptoms (delusions, hallucinations) and a major mood episode (depression or mania) occurring together.- What distinguishes brief psychotic disorder from schizophrenia?
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Brief psychotic disorder lasts 1 day to 1 month; schizophrenia requires symptoms for at least 6 months.- What is delusional disorder?
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A disorder involving one or more non-bizarre delusions lasting at least 1 month, without other prominent psychotic symptoms.- What is peripartum onset specifier for depression?
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Major depressive disorder that begins during pregnancy or within 4 weeks of childbirth.- What is seasonal affective disorder (SAD)?
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Major depressive episodes that recur during specific seasons, most commonly winter, with remission in other seasons.- What distinguishes persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) from major depressive disorder?
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Persistent depressive disorder lasts at least 2 years with less severe symptoms; major depression is more severe but shorter in duration.- What is premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)?
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Severe mood, anxiety, or behavioral symptoms occurring in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and remitting after menstruation.- What is the key distinction between Bipolar I and Bipolar II disorder?
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Bipolar I includes at least one manic episode; Bipolar II includes hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes but no full manic episodes.- What is cyclothymia?
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A chronic mood disorder with alternating periods of hypomania and depressive symptoms lasting at least 2 years, less severe than bipolar disorder.- What is separation anxiety disorder?
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Excessive fear or anxiety about separation from attachment figures, lasting at least 4 weeks in children or 6 months in adolescents and adults.- What is selective mutism?
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A child fails to speak in specific social situations (such as school) despite ability to speak, lasting at least 1 month.- What distinguishes specific phobia from social anxiety disorder?
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Specific phobia is intense fear of a particular object or situation; social anxiety disorder is fear of social judgment or negative evaluation.- What is agoraphobia without panic disorder?
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Intense fear and avoidance of places from which escape might be difficult or help may be unavailable, not tied to panic attacks.- What is the key difference between OCD and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)?
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In OCD, obsessions cause distress and compulsions are ego-dystonic (unwanted); in OCPD, the perfectionist traits are ego-syntonic (desired).
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